如何查看一个动态链接库中的依赖的其他动态链接库是绝对地址引用还是名字引用？-灵析社区

╰─➤ ldd libx264-2881b7ff.so.164 linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007fff1bec0000) libm.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 (0x00007f9f37919000) libpthread.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007f9f37d5c000) libdl.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 (0x00007f9f37d57000) libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007f9f37600000) /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f9f37d77000) 比如上面的输出，哪些是「绝对」，哪些是「相对」呢？ 我觉得 `/lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007f9f37d77000)` 是绝对 `linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007fff1bec0000)` 是相对 但是类似 `libpthread.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007f9f37d5c000)` 这样的算绝对还是相对引用呢？这里的 `=>` 表示什么含义呢？ * * * 我有一个问题，就是「如果没有 / ，那么就按找一个特定的方式在在磁盘上寻找这个文件。这个时候，ldd 会用 => 显示寻找的结果。」，我安装了一个 pyav，通过 `pip install av` 安装，然后我查看 av 的一个动态链接库 `ldd _core.cpython-310-x86_64-linux-gnu.so` ，发现这个动态链接库里面的 => 都是指向 `/home/pon/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av/./../av.libs` 里面的某个文件，我不清楚这个「特定的方式」是什么？ (svddb_sdk) ╭─pon@admini ~/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av ╰─➤ ldd _core.cpython-310-x86_64-linux-gnu.so linux-vdso.so.1 (0x00007ffc8db53000) libavformat-20d4e1d0.so.59.27.100 => /home/pon/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av/./../av.libs/libavformat-20d4e1d0.so.59.27.100 (0x00007fd001254000) libavcodec-8a88085f.so.59.37.100 => /home/pon/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av/./../av.libs/libavcodec-8a88085f.so.59.37.100 (0x00007fcffff37000) libavdevice-ed40abdd.so.59.7.100 => /home/pon/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av/./../av.libs/libavdevice-ed40abdd.so.59.7.100 (0x00007fcffff18000) libavutil-1701948d.so.57.28.100 => /home/pon/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av/./../av.libs/libavutil-1701948d.so.57.28.100 (0x00007fcfffd3a000) libavfilter-2d5314ec.so.8.44.100 => /home/pon/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av/./../av.libs/libavfilter-2d5314ec.so.8.44.100 (0x00007fcfff8e9000) libswscale-a6aee226.so.6.7.100 => /home/pon/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av/./../av.libs/libswscale-a6aee226.so.6.7.100 (0x00007fcfff846000) libswresample-b868a3ce.so.4.7.100 => /home/pon/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av/./../av.libs/libswresample-b868a3ce.so.4.7.100 (0x00007fcfff824000) libpthread.so.0 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libpthread.so.0 (0x00007fcfff7f5000) libc.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libc.so.6 (0x00007fcfff603000) libm.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libm.so.6 (0x00007fcfff4b4000) libxml2-47a785fa.so.2.9.13 => /home/pon/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av/./../av.libs/libxml2-47a785fa.so.2.9.13 (0x00007fcfff328000) libbluray-69850b93.so.2.1.2 => /home/pon/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av/./../av.libs/libbluray-69850b93.so.2.1.2 (0x00007fcfff2d3000) libgmp-dbb9f291.so.10.4.1 => /home/pon/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av/./../av.libs/libgmp-dbb9f291.so.10.4.1 (0x00007fcfff25a000) libz.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libz.so.1 (0x00007fcfff23e000) libgnutls-58994bd7.so.30.31.0 => /home/pon/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av/./../av.libs/libgnutls-58994bd7.so.30.31.0 (0x00007fcfff005000) libvpx-c1705a7a.so.7.0.0 => /home/pon/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av/./../av.libs/libvpx-c1705a7a.so.7.0.0 (0x00007fcffedf0000) liblzma-f3a5963b.so.5.2.5 => /home/pon/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av/./../av.libs/liblzma-f3a5963b.so.5.2.5 (0x00007fcffedc5000) libdav1d-df61568f.so.5.1.1 => /home/pon/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av/./../av.libs/libdav1d-df61568f.so.5.1.1 (0x00007fcffebff000) libopencore-amrwb-9db94aa9.so.0.0.3 => /home/pon/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av/./../av.libs/libopencore-amrwb-9db94aa9.so.0.0.3 (0x00007fcffebe9000) libaom-e9efed4a.so.3.2.0 => /home/pon/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av/./../av.libs/libaom-e9efed4a.so.3.2.0 (0x00007fcffe4a9000) libmp3lame-3ecc6556.so.0.0.0 => /home/pon/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av/./../av.libs/libmp3lame-3ecc6556.so.0.0.0 (0x00007fcffe415000) libopencore-amrnb-393dbae2.so.0.0.3 => /home/pon/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av/./../av.libs/libopencore-amrnb-393dbae2.so.0.0.3 (0x00007fcffe3e7000) libopenjp2-0d101c52.so.2.4.0 => /home/pon/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av/./../av.libs/libopenjp2-0d101c52.so.2.4.0 (0x00007fcffe363000) libopus-70bda348.so.0.8.0 => /home/pon/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av/./../av.libs/libopus-70bda348.so.0.8.0 (0x00007fcffe307000) libspeex-b6a53f7a.so.1.5.1 => /home/pon/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av/./../av.libs/libspeex-b6a53f7a.so.1.5.1 (0x00007fcffe2eb000) libtheoraenc-276df146.so.1.1.2 => /home/pon/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av/./../av.libs/libtheoraenc-276df146.so.1.1.2 (0x00007fcffe2a9000) libtheoradec-f01ee89e.so.1.1.4 => /home/pon/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av/./../av.libs/libtheoradec-f01ee89e.so.1.1.4 (0x00007fcffe287000) libtwolame-72d74ef7.so.0.0.0 => /home/pon/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av/./../av.libs/libtwolame-72d74ef7.so.0.0.0 (0x00007fcffe25e000) libvorbis-f4a9a6fd.so.0.4.9 => /home/pon/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av/./../av.libs/libvorbis-f4a9a6fd.so.0.4.9 (0x00007fcffe221000) libvorbisenc-0d9d5bdf.so.2.0.12 => /home/pon/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av/./../av.libs/libvorbisenc-0d9d5bdf.so.2.0.12 (0x00007fcffe170000) libx264-2881b7ff.so.164 => /home/pon/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av/./../av.libs/libx264-2881b7ff.so.164 (0x00007fcffde4d000) libx265-d8690e8d.so.199 => /home/pon/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av/./../av.libs/libx265-d8690e8d.so.199 (0x00007fcffcbc1000) libxvidcore-d29bca61.so.4.3 => /home/pon/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av/./../av.libs/libxvidcore-d29bca61.so.4.3 (0x00007fcffcab3000) libxcb-65da195c.so.1.1.0 => /home/pon/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av/./../av.libs/libxcb-65da195c.so.1.1.0 (0x00007fcffc880000) libxcb-shm-7a199f70.so.0.0.0 => /home/pon/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av/./../av.libs/libxcb-shm-7a199f70.so.0.0.0 (0x00007fcffc679000) libxcb-shape-25c2b258.so.0.0.0 => /home/pon/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av/./../av.libs/libxcb-shape-25c2b258.so.0.0.0 (0x00007fcffc472000) libxcb-xfixes-9be3ba6f.so.0.0.0 => /home/pon/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av/./../av.libs/libxcb-xfixes-9be3ba6f.so.0.0.0 (0x00007fcffc262000) libpostproc-9d3ac700.so.56.6.100 => /home/pon/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av/./../av.libs/libpostproc-9d3ac700.so.56.6.100 (0x00007fcffc240000) libass-8499ab98.so.9.1.3 => /home/pon/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av/./../av.libs/libass-8499ab98.so.9.1.3 (0x00007fcffc1fe000) libfontconfig-99ba2620.so.1.12.0 => /home/pon/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av/./../av.libs/libfontconfig-99ba2620.so.1.12.0 (0x00007fcffc1aa000) libfreetype-19bd6cfb.so.6.17.1 => /home/pon/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av/./../av.libs/libfreetype-19bd6cfb.so.6.17.1 (0x00007fcffc0f9000) /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2 (0x00007fd0014fe000) libdl.so.2 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libdl.so.2 (0x00007fcffc0f1000) libunistring-aeeab030.so.2.1.0 => /home/pon/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av/./../av.libs/libunistring-aeeab030.so.2.1.0 (0x00007fcffbf6a000) libnettle-cb75a9d6.so.8.4 => /home/pon/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av/./../av.libs/libnettle-cb75a9d6.so.8.4 (0x00007fcffbf1f000) libhogweed-5d799758.so.6.4 => /home/pon/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av/./../av.libs/libhogweed-5d799758.so.6.4 (0x00007fcffbece000) libstdc++.so.6 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libstdc++.so.6 (0x00007fcffbcec000) libgcc_s.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libgcc_s.so.1 (0x00007fcffbccf000) libogg-bbd52b06.so.0.8.5 => /home/pon/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av/./../av.libs/libogg-bbd52b06.so.0.8.5 (0x00007fcffbcc3000) librt.so.1 => /lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/librt.so.1 (0x00007fcffbcb9000) libXau-00ec42fe.so.6.0.0 => /home/pon/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av/./../av.libs/libXau-00ec42fe.so.6.0.0 (0x00007fcffbab4000) libfribidi-baef595b.so.0.4.0 => /home/pon/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av/./../av.libs/libfribidi-baef595b.so.0.4.0 (0x00007fcffba91000) libharfbuzz-d40f381a.so.0.40100.0 => /home/pon/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av/./../av.libs/libharfbuzz-d40f381a.so.0.40100.0 (0x00007fcffb97d000) libuuid-f64cda11.so.1.3.0 => /home/pon/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av/./../av.libs/libuuid-f64cda11.so.1.3.0 (0x00007fcffb777000) libpng16-1f529098.so.16.37.0 => /home/pon/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av/./../av.libs/libpng16-1f529098.so.16.37.0 (0x00007fcffb746000) 比如其中的 `libavformat-20d4e1d0.so.59.27.100 => /home/pon/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av/./../av.libs/libavformat-20d4e1d0.so.59.27.100 (0x00007fd001254000)` 这个是按照什么规定让 `libavformat-20d4e1d0.so.59.27.100` 指向 `/home/pon/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av/./../av.libs/libavformat-20d4e1d0.so.59.27.100 (0x00007fd001254000)` 的呢？按理来说，`/home/pon/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av/./../av.libs/` 不应该存在于系统的默认搜索路径中吧？而且我也没有添加类似 LD_LIBRARY_PATH、LD_PRELOAD、LD_LIBRARYN、LD_DEBUG、LD_BIND_NOW 的环境变量 (svddb_sdk) ╭─pon@admini ~/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av ╰─➤ printenv | grep LD_ 1 ↵ (svddb_sdk) ╭─pon@admini ~/.local/share/virtualenvs/svddb_sdk-qAt4tE2E/lib/python3.10/site-packages/av * * * 如果使用 readelf 查看，就是下面这样 ─➤ readelf -d _core.cpython-310-x86_64-linux-gnu.so 1 ↵ Dynamic section at offset 0x2d000 contains 33 entries: Tag Type Name/Value 0x000000000000000f (RPATH) Library rpath: [$ORIGIN/../av.libs] 0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libavformat-20d4e1d0.so.59.27.100] 0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libavcodec-8a88085f.so.59.37.100] 0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libavdevice-ed40abdd.so.59.7.100] 0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libavutil-1701948d.so.57.28.100] 0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libavfilter-2d5314ec.so.8.44.100] 0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libswscale-a6aee226.so.6.7.100] 0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libswresample-b868a3ce.so.4.7.100] 0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libpthread.so.0] 0x0000000000000001 (NEEDED) Shared library: [libc.so.6] 0x000000000000000c (INIT) 0x3000 0x000000000000000d (FINI) 0x63c4 0x0000000000000019 (INIT_ARRAY) 0x8cd8 0x000000000000001b (INIT_ARRAYSZ) 8 (bytes) 0x000000000000001a (FINI_ARRAY) 0x8ce0 0x000000000000001c (FINI_ARRAYSZ) 8 (bytes) 0x000000006ffffef5 (GNU_HASH) 0xb358 0x0000000000000005 (STRTAB) 0x12250 0x0000000000000006 (SYMTAB) 0xa8d8 0x000000000000000a (STRSZ) 2479 (bytes) 0x000000000000000b (SYMENT) 24 (bytes) 0x0000000000000003 (PLTGOT) 0x9000 0x0000000000000002 (PLTRELSZ) 2016 (bytes) 0x0000000000000014 (PLTREL) RELA 0x0000000000000017 (JMPREL) 0x1e40 0x0000000000000007 (RELA) 0x17b0 0x0000000000000008 (RELASZ) 1680 (bytes) 0x0000000000000009 (RELAENT) 24 (bytes) 0x000000006ffffffe (VERNEED) 0x16b0 0x000000006fffffff (VERNEEDNUM) 8 0x000000006ffffff0 (VERSYM) 0x15ce 0x000000006ffffff9 (RELACOUNT) 44 0x0000000000000000 (NULL) 0x0